Manganese in Iron & Steel Industry
February 9, 2009
Manganese is essential to iron and steel production by virtue of its sulfur-fixing, deoxidizing, and alloying properties. Steelmaking, including its ironmaking component, has accounted for most manganese demand, presently in the range of 85% to 90% of the total demand. Among a variety of other uses, manganese is a key component of low-cost stainless steel formulations and certain widely used aluminium alloys.[3]
The metal is very occasionally used in coins; the only United States coins to use manganese were the “wartime” nickel from 1942–1945, and, since 2000, dollar coins. The EU uses manganese in 1 and 2 Euro coins, due to greater and cheaper availability
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Characteristics of Manganese
February 9, 2009
Manganese is a gray-white metal, resembling iron. It is a hard metal and is very brittle, fusible with difficulty, but easily oxidized. Manganese metal and its common ions are paramagnetic. While manganese metal does not form a permanent magnet, it does exhibit strong magnetic properties in the presence of an external magnetic field.
The most common oxidation states of manganese are +2, +3, +4, +6 and +7, though oxidation states from +1 to +7 are observed. Mn2+ often competes with Mg2+ in biological systems, and manganese compounds where manganese is in oxidation state +7 are powerful oxidizing agents.
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What is Manganese ?
February 9, 2009
Manganese (Mn) is a brittle metal with silvery white color, which is an element arranged in subgroup VIIB of the periodical table of elements. Its atomic number is 25 and the atomic weight 54.938. It has II-, III-, IV- and VII-valence states in nature, of which II- and IV-valence states are more common.
Up to date, over 150 Mn-bearing minerals have been discovered. Among them, the following minerals are of industrial value and commonly seen in nature: pyrolusite (MnO2), psilomelane (mMnO?MnO2?H2O), manganite (MnO2?H2O), hausmannite (Mn3O4), braunite (Mn2O3), rhodochrosite (MnCO3) and alabandite (MnS).
Manganese and its compounts are employed in diversified fields of the national economy. The iron and steel industry is the major user, which consumes 90%~95% of the total Mn resources. The rest 5%~10% are used for other purposes, such as chemical, light, building materials, national defense and electronics industries, environment protection and agriculture and livestock husbandry. All in all, manganese is an important strategic metal in the national economy
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China’s manganese ore imports in November 2008
December 31, 2008
China imported 440,000 tons of manganese ore valued at 224.604 million US dollars in November 2008. The import in January-November reached 7,080,000 tons valued at 3,263.230 million US dollars, up 19.9 percent and 197.1 percent respectively year on year.
Following is a table showing the import from 2004 to November 2008, released by the General Administration of Customs:
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China’s import of manganese ore in October 2008
November 20, 2008
China imported 610,000 tons of manganese ore valued at 345.589 million US dollars in October 2008. The import in January-October reached 6,640,000 tons valued at 3,040.076 million US dollars, up 31.7 percent and 256.9 percent respectively year on year.
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